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Foeniculum vulgare

Mill. (1768)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Apiales Family: Apiaceae Genus: Foeniculum

fennel

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Stout, 9–12 dm tall.

Stems: Caulescent, branched, glabrous and glaucous.

Roots: Taproots stout.

Leaves: Leaves compound (pinnately decompound). Alternate. Blades ovate to triangular with, with filiform ultimate divisions., ca. 30 cm long, ca. 40 cm. wide. pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions filiform 4–40 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide. Ovate to triangular, ca. 30 cm long, ca. 40 cm. wide. Pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions filiform 4-40 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide. Surfaces glaucous to dark green. Margins highly dissected. Petioles 7–14 cm long, wholly sheathing. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in peduncles 1.5–6.5 cm long, rays 15–40 cm, spreading-ascending in flower, ascending to suberect in fruit, unequal, pedicels 2–10 mm long, subequal. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla of 5 petals; petals yellow, obovate, with a narrower inflexed apex. Stamens 5, inserted on an epigynous disk. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; ovules 1 per cells, anatropous; styles 2, usually swollen at base into a stylopodium. Styles short, the stylopodium conical; carpophore 2–parted.

Fruit: Fruit oblong; compressed laterally 3.5–4 mm long; 1.5–2 mm wide; ribs prominent and acute; mericarps subterete; glabrous; vittae solitary in the intervals; 2 on the commissure. Seeds 1 per mericarp; embryo small; endosperm cartilaginous. seed face plane or slightly concave.

Ploidy: 2n = 16; 22; 26; 30;44

Habitat: Cultivated and naturalized along roadsides; in pastures; and other open sites.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (49)

Anethum dulce DC. (1813)
Anethum foeniculum L. (1753)
Anethum foeniculum var. dulce (Mill.) Nois. (1825)
Anethum minus Gouan (1773)
Anethum panmori Roxb. (1824)
Anethum panmorium Roxb. (1810)
Anethum rupestre Salisb. (1796)
Foeniculum azoricum Mill. (1768)
Foeniculum capillaceum Gilib. (1782)
Foeniculum capillaceum proles dulce (Mill.) Rouy & E.G.Camus (1901)
Foeniculum capillaceum var. macrocarpum Rouy & E.G.Camus (1901)
Foeniculum divaricatum Griseb. (1843)
Foeniculum dulce Mill. (1768)
Foeniculum foeniculum (L.) H.Karst. (1886)
Foeniculum giganteum Lojac. (1909)
Foeniculum officinale All. (1785)
Foeniculum officinale subsp. dulce (Mill.) Nyman (1879)
Foeniculum officinale subsp. pateri Prodan (1923)
Foeniculum officinale subsp. sativum (C.Presl) Arcang. (1882)
Foeniculum officinale var. dulce (Mill.) P.Fourn. (1937)
Foeniculum officinale var. hortorum Alef. (1866)
Foeniculum officinale var. sativum (C.Presl) Arcang. (1882)
Foeniculum officinale var. silvestre Alef. (1866)
Foeniculum panmorium (Roxb.) DC. (1830)
Foeniculum piperitum subsp. divaricatum (Griseb.) Nyman (1879)
Foeniculum piperitum var. pluriradiatum Boiss. (1872)
Foeniculum rigidum Brot. ex Steud. (1840)
Foeniculum vulgare convar. azoricum (Mill.) Holub (1993)
Foeniculum vulgare convar. sativum (C.Presl) Holub (1993)
Foeniculum vulgare f. dulce (Mill.) Fiori & Paol. (1900)
Foeniculum vulgare f. pateri (Prodan) Borza (1949)
Foeniculum vulgare subsp. capillaceum (Burnat) Holmboe (1914)
Foeniculum vulgare subsp. pateri Prodan (1923)
Foeniculum vulgare subsp. sativum (C.Presl) Janch. ex Holub (1993)
Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum (Mill.) P.Fourn. (1937)
Foeniculum vulgare var. capillaceum Burnat (1906)
Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce (Mill.) Batt. & Trab. (1905)
Foeniculum vulgare var. inodorum Maire (1935)
Foeniculum vulgare var. sativum C.Presl (1826)
Ligusticum foeniculum (L.) Roth (1788)
Meum foeniculum (L.) Spreng. (1820)
Meum piperatum Ten. (1829)
Meum piperinum Colla (1835)
Ozodia foeniculacea Wight & Arn. (1834)
Selinum foeniculum E.H.L.Krause (1904)
Seseli dulce (DC.) Koso-Pol. (1916)
Seseli foeniculum Koso-Pol. (1916)
Seseli piperitum Koso-Pol. (1916)
Tenoria romana Schkuhr ex Spreng. (1820)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Birds
Other Animals

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Notes

  • Description digitized by Pumehana Imada
  • Perennial herbs. Native to Eurasia.

Bibliography

Name Published In: Gard. Dict. ed. 8: n.º 1 (1768)

Other References

Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., & Sohmer, S. H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, Vols. 1 and 2 (No. Edn 2). University of Hawai'i and Bishop Museum Press.

Wagner et al. 1990:204 (K, O, L, M, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:112 (KEY), 115 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
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