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Foeniculum vulgare

Mill. (1768)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Apiales Family: Apiaceae Genus: Foeniculum

fennel

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Stout, 9–12 dm tall.

Stems: Caulescent, branched, glabrous and glaucous.

Roots: Taproots stout.

Leaves: Leaves compound (pinnately decompound). Alternate. Blades ovate to triangular with, with filiform ultimate divisions., ca. 30 cm long, ca. 40 cm. wide. pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions filiform 4–40 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide. Ovate to triangular, ca. 30 cm long, ca. 40 cm. wide. Pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions filiform 4-40 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide. Surfaces glaucous to dark green. Margins highly dissected. Petioles 7–14 cm long, wholly sheathing. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in peduncles 1.5–6.5 cm long, rays 15–40 cm, spreading-ascending in flower, ascending to suberect in fruit, unequal, pedicels 2–10 mm long, subequal. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla of 5 petals; petals yellow, obovate, with a narrower inflexed apex. Stamens 5, inserted on an epigynous disk. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; ovules 1 per cells, anatropous; styles 2, usually swollen at base into a stylopodium. Styles short, the stylopodium conical; carpophore 2–parted.

Fruit: Fruit oblong; compressed laterally 3.5–4 mm long; 1.5–2 mm wide; ribs prominent and acute; mericarps subterete; glabrous; vittae solitary in the intervals; 2 on the commissure. Seeds 1 per mericarp; embryo small; endosperm cartilaginous. seed face plane or slightly concave.

Ploidy: 2n = 16; 22; 26; 30;44

Habitat: Cultivated and naturalized along roadsides; in pastures; and other open sites.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (49)

Anethum dulce DC. (1813)
Anethum foeniculum L. (1753)
Anethum foeniculum var. dulce (Mill.) Nois. (1825)
Anethum minus Gouan (1773)
Anethum panmori Roxb. (1824)
Anethum panmorium Roxb. (1810)
Anethum rupestre Salisb. (1796)
Foeniculum azoricum Mill. (1768)
Foeniculum capillaceum Gilib. (1782)
Foeniculum capillaceum proles dulce (Mill.) Rouy & E.G.Camus (1901)
Foeniculum capillaceum var. macrocarpum Rouy & E.G.Camus (1901)
Foeniculum divaricatum Griseb. (1843)
Foeniculum dulce Mill. (1768)
Foeniculum foeniculum (L.) H.Karst. (1886)
Foeniculum giganteum Lojac. (1909)
Foeniculum officinale All. (1785)
Foeniculum officinale subsp. dulce (Mill.) Nyman (1879)
Foeniculum officinale subsp. pateri Prodan (1923)
Foeniculum officinale subsp. sativum (C.Presl) Arcang. (1882)
Foeniculum officinale var. dulce (Mill.) Alef. (1866)
Foeniculum officinale var. hortorum Alef. (1866)
Foeniculum officinale var. sativum (C.Presl) Arcang. (1882)
Foeniculum officinale var. silvestre Alef. (1866)
Foeniculum panmorium (Roxb.) DC. (1830)
Foeniculum piperitum subsp. divaricatum (Griseb.) Nyman (1879)
Foeniculum piperitum var. pluriradiatum Boiss. (1872)
Foeniculum rigidum Brot. ex Steud. (1840)
Foeniculum vulgare convar. azoricum (Mill.) Holub (1993)
Foeniculum vulgare convar. sativum (C.Presl) Holub (1993)
Foeniculum vulgare f. dulce (Mill.) Fiori & Paol. (1900)
Foeniculum vulgare f. pateri (Prodan) Borza (1949)
Foeniculum vulgare subsp. capillaceum (Burnat) Holmboe (1914)
Foeniculum vulgare subsp. pateri Prodan (1923)
Foeniculum vulgare subsp. sativum (C.Presl) Janch. ex Holub (1993)
Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum (Mill.) P.Fourn. (1937)
Foeniculum vulgare var. capillaceum Burnat (1906)
Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce (Mill.) Batt. & Trab. (1905)
Foeniculum vulgare var. inodorum Maire (1935)
Foeniculum vulgare var. sativum C.Presl (1826)
Ligusticum foeniculum (L.) Crantz (1767)
Meum foeniculum (L.) Spreng. (1820)
Meum piperatum Ten. (1829)
Meum piperinum Colla (1835)
Ozodia foeniculacea Wight & Arn. (1834)
Selinum foeniculum E.H.L.Krause (1904)
Seseli dulce (DC.) Koso-Pol. (1916)
Seseli foeniculum Koso-Pol. (1916)
Seseli piperitum Koso-Pol. (1916)
Tenoria romana Schkuhr ex Spreng. (1820)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Birds
Other Animals

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Notes

  • Description digitized by Pumehana Imada
  • Perennial herbs. Native to Eurasia.

Bibliography

Name Published In: Gard. Dict. ed. 8: n.º 1 (1768)

Other References

Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., & Sohmer, S. H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, Vols. 1 and 2 (No. Edn 2). University of Hawai'i and Bishop Museum Press.

Wagner et al. 1990:204 (K, O, L, M, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:112 (KEY), 115 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. kaiholena Mat growing in deep shade of roots of up-rooted tree. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 324 Kauai BISH 11/12/1913
2 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Kaiholena PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 221 Lanai BISH 11/12/1913
3 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. East Maui, 2 mi E of Ulupalakua On dry, exposed a`a lava slope. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 813 Maui BISH 12/22/1967
4 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Keomuku Road. Malau Roadside. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 3509 Lanai BISH 6/5/1986
5 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Below Puu Ka Pele In clearing with ohia forest around it. Low spot that is a semi-meadow. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. s.n. Kauai BISH 7/18/1977
6 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Manua Kea; Saddle road near the Girl Scout camp, around narrow bridge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Adee, K.T. s.n. Hawaii BISH
7 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. makawau, maui, t. hawaii Naturalized in drier fields PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 9662 NY 8/2/1927
8 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. nuu Rough lava flow. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1905.m Maui BISH 3/9/1920
9 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. east maui, 2 mi e of ulupalakua On dry, exposed a`a lava slope. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 813 Maui BISH 12/22/1967
10 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. East Maui, 2.7 mi E of Ulupalakua Ranch on Piilani Hwy (Hwy 31) On `a`a lava flow dominated by Wikstroemia, Reynoldsia, Leucaena, Lantana, and Myoporum (occasional). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 4775 Maui BISH 1/14/1983
11 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. kokee. along hwy 550 forest; twin kipuka, pond PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 885 Hawaii BISH 7/11/1984
12 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. mahana valley Along stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. hammond collector number: 8101 Hawaii BISH
13 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Carlson, N.K. s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/14/1961
14 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. East Maui, Waiakoa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Krauss, N.L.H. 884 Maui BISH 4/21/1963
15 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. koloa district, kalaheo; yard of home at 3581 kaloke st Plant purchased at commerical nursery, hort origin. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lorence, d.h. collector number: 7707 Kauai BISH 7/30/1995
16 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Koele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 494 Lanai BISH 12/31/1930
17 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. kokee. along hwy 550 Growing w/Kikuyu grass, Lantana and Passiflora; at edge of Grevillea planting. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 885 Kauai BISH 7/11/1984
18 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. palawai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 378 Lanai BISH 8/8/1928
19 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. kaiholena PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 221 Lanai BISH 11/12/1913
20 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Kalaheo: yard of home at 3581 Kaloke Street. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 7707 Kauai PTBG 7/30/1995
21 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Auwahi, vicinity of Pu'u Ouli. Remnant dry forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H100009 Maui PTBG 10/7/2000
22 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Honolulu, Puunui, Liliha Street. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN W. M. Bush 677 Oahu PTBG 6/13/1977
23 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14318 Kauai US 8/25/1916
24 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. makawao PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 9662 Oahu US 8/2/1927
25 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Kokee, along Hwy 550 at edge of Grevillea planting. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 885 Kauai PTBG 7/11/1984
26 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Central Molokai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 15163 Molokai US 10/13/2016
27 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. kahua ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. y. hosaka 1628 Hawaii US 9/4/1936
28 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Makawao PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 9662 Maui US 8/2/2027
29 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. central molokai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 15163 Molokai US 10/13/1916
30 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Kahua Ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E. Y. 1628 Hawaii US 9/4/1936
31 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 14318 Kauai US 8/25/2016
32 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Nuuanu Pali Road, Koolau Mts., Kailua Roadside. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 10748 Oahu BISH 1/5/1935
33 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Below Puu Ka Pele In clearing with ohia forest around it. Low spot that is a semi-meadow. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. Collector Number: s.n. Kauai BISH 7/18/1977
34 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. below puu ka pele In clearing with ohia forest around it. Low spot that is a semi-meadow. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN corn, c. collector number: s.n. Kauai BISH 7/18/1977
35 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Kaiholena PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 324 Lanai BISH 11/12/1913
36 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. nuuanu pali road, koolau mts., kailua Roadside. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 10748 Oahu BISH 1/5/1935
37 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. firing point 503, gully loamy; Eragrostis atropioides, Myoporum sandwicense PRESERVED_SPECIMEN douglas, p. o'regan; weglinski; schultz collector number: 3175 Hawaii BISH 1/18/1989
38 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Koloa District, Kalaheo; yard of home at 3581 Kaloke St Plant purchased at commerical nursery, hort origin. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D.H. 7707 Kauai BISH 7/30/1995
39 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Kokee. Along Hwy 550 Growing w/Kikuyu grass, Lantana and Passiflora; at edge of Grevillea planting. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 885 Kauai BISH 7/11/1984
40 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. koele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 494 Lanai BISH 12/31/1930
41 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Kahua Ranch Occasional in pasture; dry place. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 1628 Hawaii BISH 9/4/1936
42 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. N Maui, Waihu Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 131.M Maui BISH 6/1/1910
43 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Mahana Valley Along stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8101 Hawaii BISH 3/24/1905
44 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. n maui, waihu valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 131.m Maui BISH 6/1/1910
45 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. east maui, 2.7 mi e of ulupalakua ranch on piilani hwy (hwy 31) arid, open Metrosideros forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. mill, s.w. collector number: 4775 Hawaii BISH 1/14/1983
46 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. W Maui, Lahaina District, Lihau Lowland Dry Shrubland at 2450 ft on a cindery saddle above a steep gorge with low statured Metrosideros, Styphelia, Dodonaea, Carex wahuensis, Gnaphalium sandwicensium, Bidens menziesii, Schiedea menziesii, Sida, Pellaea, Rhynchelytrum and exotic herbs and grasses PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Welton, P. 1508 Maui BISH 1/11/1992
47 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. mahana valley On cliff face above waterfall at beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. hammond collector number: 8101 Kauai BISH
48 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. kahua ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1628 Lanai BISH 9/4/1936
49 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Nuu Rough lava flow. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1905.M Maui BISH 3/9/1920
50 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. kawaihae paddock, waimea, n. kohala Yard of abandoned plantation house. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 2292 Kauai BISH 6/11/1938
51 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. keomuku road. malau Roadside. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 3509 Lanai BISH 6/5/1986
52 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Kawaihae Paddock, Waimea, N. Kohala Occasional along roadside. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 2292 Hawaii BISH 6/11/1938
53 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. w maui, lahaina district, lihau Lowland Dry Shrubland at 2450 ft on a cindery saddle above a steep gorge with low statured Metrosideros, Styphelia, Dodonaea, Carex wahuensis, Gnaphalium sandwicensium, Bidens menziesii, Schiedea menziesii, Sida, Pellaea, Rhynchelytrum and exotic herbs and grasses PRESERVED_SPECIMEN welton, p. haus, b. collector number: 1508 Maui BISH 1/11/1992
54 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. east maui, waiakoa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN krauss, n.l.h. collector number: 884 Maui BISH 4/21/1963
55 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. manua kea; saddle road near the girl scout camp, around narrow bridge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN adee, k.t. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH
56 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN carlson, n.k. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/14/1961
57 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Palawai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 378 Lanai BISH 8/1/1928
58 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Firing Point 503, gully loamy; Eragrostis atropioides, Myoporum sandwicense PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Douglas, P. 3175 Hawaii BISH 1/18/1989
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